How to Use the Rack Application in Ruby

In the previous article, you learned what Rack is. Now, it’s time to start using Rack and serve up some pages. Hello World First, let’s start with a â€Å"Hello world† application. This application will, no matter what type of request it’s given, return ​with a status code of 200 (which is HTTP-speak for â€Å"OK†) and the string †Hello world† as the body. Before examining the following code, consider again the requirements that any Rack application must meet. A Rack application is any Ruby object that responds to the call method, takes a single hash parameter and returns an array containing the response status code, HTTP response headers and the response body as an array of strings. class HelloWorlddef call(env)return [200, {}, [Hello world!]]endend As you can see, an object of the type HelloWorld will meet all of these requirements. It does so in a very minimal and not terribly useful way, but it does meet all of the requirements. WEBrick That’s pretty simple, now let’s plug it into WEBrick (the HTTP server that comes with Ruby). To do this, we use the Rack::Handler::WEBrick.run method, pass it an instance of HelloWorld and the port to run on. A WEBrick server will now be running, and Rack will be passing requests between the HTTP server and your application. Note, this isn’t an ideal way to launch things with Rack. Its only shown here to get something running before diving into another feature of Rack called Rackup, which is shown below. Using Rack::Handler in this way has a few problems. First, it’s not very configurable. Everything is hard-coded into the script. Second, as you’ll notice if you run the following script, you can’t kill the program. It won’t respond to Ctrl-C. If you run this command, simply close the terminal window and open a new one. #!/usr/bin/env rubyrequire rackclass HelloWorlddef call(env)return [200, {}, [Hello world!]]endendRack::Handler::WEBrick.run(HelloWorld.new,:Port 9000) Rackup While this is quite easy to do, it isn’t how Rack is normally used. Rack is normally used with a tool called rackup. Rackup does more or less what was in the bottom section of the code above, but in a more usable way. Rackup is run from the command-line, and is given a .ru â€Å"Rackup file.† This is just a Ruby script that, among other things, feeds an application to Rackup. A very basic Rackup file for the above would look something like this. class HelloWorlddef call(env)return [200,{Content-Type text/html},[Hello world!]]endendrun HelloWorld.new First, we had to make one tiny change to the HelloWorld class. Rackup is running a middleware app called Rack::Lint that sanity-checks responses. All HTTP responses should have a Content-Type header, so that was added. Then, the last line just creates an instance of the app and passes it to the run method. Ideally, your application shouldn’t be written entirely within the Rackup file, this file should require your application into it and create an instance of it that way. The Rackup file is just â€Å"glue,† no real application code should be there. If you run the command rackup helloworld.ru, it’ll start a server on port 9292. This is the default Rackup port. Rackup has some more useful features. First, things like the port can be changed on the command line, or in a special line in the script. On the command-line, simply pass in a -p port parameter. For example: rackup -p 1337 helloworld.ru. From the script itself, if the first line starts with #\, then it’s parsed just like the command line. So you can define options here as well. If you wanted to run on port 1337, the first line of the Rackup file could read #\ -p 1337.

Graduation Speech College Education - 895 Words

Growing up, all I ever heard was the word college. From the old days of kinder garden and especially up until senior year of high school my entire life revolved around what college I wanted to go to. I believe that most people see a college education as a luxury, a grand accomplishment. There’s many different type of colleges to go to; community college, state universities, and so on. For me, the biggest thing is not where I go to college. For me, the biggest thing is simply to finish my college education and be able to walk across a stage and receive my diploma. A college education is valuable to me because it will help me in life. I will benefit from a college education career-wise, financially, and personally. I believe that a college education is the key to achieving a steady career. My biggest fears are being unemployed, working a job I hate, and working to earn only enough to put food on the table, but not a roof over my head. The only way to not run into these fears is to get a college education. I have been told by many teachers and counselors that in this day and age, a high school diploma can only get you so far, if anywhere. I have witnessed family members who have nothing else to rely on other than their high school diploma and they are constantly overwhelmed and worried about their futures because they have only a mediocre job. It saddens me to know that people that I love are struggling. However, I use that as inspiration to do something different so I willShow MoreRelatedGraduation Speech On College Education1666 Words   |  7 Pagesyears of college, or work hard for the rest of your life.† What he meant, was that if I pour all my effort and hard work into achieving a degree during the four years I am in college, I will most likely live comfortably the rest of my life, as opposed to not having a college degree; breaking my back every time I go to work. However, the college life has many elements that prevent it from being a piece of cake, elements consisting of society s views of college. Attaining a higher education becomesRead MoreGraduation Speech : College Education1689 Words   |  7 Pagesthan ever that having a college education is an unavoidable requisite in order to better ourselves. Every year thousands of students graduate high school and start to enroll in college. Another key factor in the decision towards obtaining a college degree is the example the young student saw at home; however, not all of the young students entering college come from a family with college graduate parents, which can play as a huge motivation in their path toward their college degree. Many people seeRead MoreGraduation Speech : College Education1326 Words   |  6 PagesA decade or two ago, a college education was considered more so a privilege rather than a choice. Today, our society takes education for granted by opting out of it because of the expenses, the stress and many other reasons that comes with going to scho ol. Is a college education still worth having? Arguments will continually arise that it is no longer needed to be successful in today’s world. However, research and statistics continually prove that having one will remain far more beneficial than notRead MoreGraduation Speech : College Education928 Words   |  4 PagesGoing to college can be a very rewarding experience for a traditional, or non-traditional student who wants to go back to school. More money on a paycheck can be a reason why someone would want to presume their education. Another reason why someone would want to go on to college would be to increase their intellect so they can be more sophisticated in life. Someone might also want to further their education because college teaches your life skills. A college education can be very rewarding for aRead MoreGraduation Speech : College Education963 Words   |  4 PagesWhat a college education means to me? It means pride, determination, and opportunity. The pride I have in knowing that even though I have had many setbacks and faced many challenges that I was able to overcome them and achieve one of my greatest accomplishments working toward a college degree. My determination allows me to wake up every day and even though it is not going to be easy to work, I will make sure I am able to study and complete all my school work. An opportunity, I am in no way ashamedRead MoreGraduation Speech On College Education1229 Words   |  5 PagesCollege Education After graduating high school, several students decide to go off to college while many others find want to take a break from school, then continue later on. Sometimes, there are people that have entity approach intelligence where they believe that college is not for them and therefore find something else to do, so they look for jobs and decide to work. They believe that if they try to get into this new environment, they will not even achieve anything; therefore, they do not evenRead MoreGraduation Speech : Becoming A College Education860 Words   |  4 PagesBy taking the first step and acquiring a college education I am beginning the next necessary phase towards a rewarding future. This process is indispensable in providing a means to a lucrative future for me, or anybody for that matter, who is determined to stay focused and complete the work required. By choosing to continue on to four year degree, my college education will provide me with many opportunities and clear the path to wards financial security, independence and self satisfaction upon completionRead MoreGraduation Speech Over College Education Essay1686 Words   |  7 PagesOver the years, there has been a great deal of debate over college education and it’s worth to society and the students who is currently contemplating where they should go or not. In addition, the question of cost, and just how expensive college has become over the last decade has come to attention. It is clear that Americans and important figureheads have argued over whether the benefits of attending college outweigh the benefits of just high school diploma or another type of post-secondary schoolingRead MoreGraduation Speech : A Rite Of Passage1527 Words   |  7 PagesFor many adolescent individuals in America, graduation is considered a rite of passage. Often, Americans couple graduation with a celebration of opening a new chapter of their life. Specifically, transitioning from a high school student to a graduate. I n this essay I will explain what a rite of passage is and what graduation is. Also, I will discuss how graduation is approached as a rite of passage in my culture, and what celebration in regards to graduation looks like and means to many. Almost allRead MoreAnalysis Of Graduation By Maya Angelou960 Words   |  4 PagesEssay on â€Å"Graduation† by Maya Angelou Racial segregation was very dominant in the United States in the mid nineteen hundreds. This is the time that Maya Angelou was graduating from the eighth grade in Stamps Arkansas. The theme of racial segregation is well shown by the how different the schools of the African-Americans was compared to that of whites in the essay â€Å"Graduation† by Maya Angelou. In the essay the Angelou points out that Lafayette County Training School didn’t have a lawn, hedges, tennis

Petroleum Geology and Basin Analysis †Free Sample by Experts

Question: Describe about the Petroleum Geology and Basin? Answer: Introduction- Analysis of k15 Block More than 1 trillion associated with expense will certainly be asked to heal all of the left over gas and oil that is certainly considered to occur offshore throughout British waters, based on the newest marketplace statement by Essential oil Fuel Dutch North Sea. NAM has made a natural gas discovery in the Dutch part of the North Sea. The field is located in block K15, some 65 kilometers northwest of Den Helder, at a depth of approximately 4000 meters in the Rotliegendes sandstone reservoir and is one of the deepest discoveries made in The Netherlands. Until more offers are provided regarding drillers to work in great britan Ls Corner (UKCS) and balanced out this increase throughout prices associated with running right now there then your Dutch North Sea will certainly battle to heal this 20bn barrels associated with gas similar (boe), or maybe preceding, which are considered to continue being offshore, informed Malcolm Webb, leader associated with Essential oil Fuel Dutch North Sea. Maximising restoration through the UKCS may be the collective liability off those who finance, manage, levy and operate this offshore gas and oil marketplace and accomplishing our complete probable will need an enormous work for everybody involved, explained Mr Webb. Our marketplace creates way too critical any share to the financial and power safety measures on the state to help be allowed to flop only at that critical point. Production Status in K15 Basin This statement implies that production inside the 1st 50 % possesses bounced again after hurting several years associated with twice digit declines. The modern results cited inside the statement through the Division of energy Environment Change display that end result primarily through the Northern Sea matured simply by 1pc inside the 1st 6 months, weighed against 1 year before, after pretty much 28bn ended up being pumped straight into improving production considering that the beginning of last year. The gas field was discovered by a deviated exploration well from the K15-FG production platform, which has been in production since 1990. Last year NAM also discovered a gas field in the same K15 block. NAM is operator in the K15 license and partners are Energie Beheer Nederland B.V., CLAM Petroleum B.V., Wintershall Noordzee B.V., and Oranje-Nassau Energie B.V. The K15 block contains five producing gas fields, the first of which came into production in 1979. Many estimations have got placed the quantity associated with gas similar, any evaluate which Phase Lithology Attributed Groups/ Formations/ Members Locality Callovian Upper Deposition Turbiditic sands NA BE, nVG Deposition Marine mudstones Heather Formation sVG, IMF Lower Deposition Marine mudstones Heather Formation NNS Deposition Shallow marine sands Hugin Formation/ Beatrice Formation / Fulmar Formation (lowermost)/Humber Group sVG, IMF, nCG Deposition Non-marine sediments Pentland Formation CG, OMF Bathonian Upper Deposition Marine mudstones Heather Formation/ Humber Group ESB, BE Deposition Paralic sedimentation Brora Coal Formation IMF Volcanism Volcanics Rattray and Ron Members OMF, CG Lower Transgression Coastal plain deposits Pentland Formation sVG, CNS Transgression Marine sandstones Hugin Formation ESB Bajocian Upper Transgression Marine sandstones Hugin Formation sVG, UB Deposition Non-marine sediments Pentland Formation OMF,CG Deposition Fluvial sediments Ness Formation ESB Deposition Non-marine sediments Pentland Formation BE Flooding-event Shale Ness Formation (Mid) NA Lower Condensation Condensed sequences NA BE Deposition Coastal plain deposits Ness Formation (Lower) ESB Regression Shoreface sediments Rannoch Formation/ Etive Formation ESB Aalenian Upper Transgression Shelf deposits Rannoch Formation ESB Deposition Fan deltas Broom Formation ESB Deposition Coastal plain deposits Pentland Formation (Lower) sVG, BE Domal uplift NA NA CNS Lower Deposition Restricted sedimentation NA ESB Potential of the basin Within the overdue 1950s, few individuals considered that the Norwegian continental ledge (NCS) might cover wealthy gas and oil debris. Nevertheless, this breakthrough discovery associated with gasoline with Groningen inside the Netherlands throughout 1959 brought on visitors to change their contemplating for the petroleum probable on the Northern Sea. Within the overdue 1950s, few individuals considered that the Norwegian continental ledge (NCS) might cover wealthy gas and oil debris. Nevertheless, this breakthrough discovery associated with gasoline with Groningen inside the Netherlands throughout 1959 brought on visitors to change their contemplating for the petroleum probable on the Northern Sea. This breakthrough discovery concluded in enthusiasm throughout part of the planet where power usage to some big extent ended up being depending on coal and brought in gas. Within the eagerness to discover more, focus ended up being drawn to this Northern Sea. Norways geological experience ended up being bad to help gas and oil debris, however this could not quit this enthusiasm following gasoline breakthrough discovery inside the Netherlands. Figure 2.2 Paleogeography of the Middle Jurassic. Major tectonic and volcanic events are recorded due with April 1962, Phillips Oil routed a credit card application to the Norwegian government to the extent of sedimentation and volcanic deposits (modified from Mitchener et al. 1992), bodies regarding query inside the Northern Sea. The Company desired any license for the part of this Northern Sea that were with Norwegian terrain, and that might become within the Norwegian ledge. This provide ended up being 160, 000 cash each month. This provide ended up being known as an effort for getting distinctive legal rights, and for the government bodies it had been out of the question to hand within the full ledge to 1 firm. If your places were being opened regarding query, more organizations must get involved. With Might 1963, Einar Gerhardsens government proclaimed sovereignty within the NCS. Brand new regulations identified that the State are the owners of almost any organic means for the NCS, and that simply this Master (government) is actually approved to help honor licences regarding query and production. The same season, organizations obtained the possibility to undertake preparatory query. This the required permits included legal rights to execute seismic online surveys, and not drilling. Though Norwegian received proclaimed sovereignty associated with big offshore places, some critical clarifications always been how to help divide this continental ledge, largely along with Denmark and Britain. Agreements with splitting up this continental ledge according to this mean series basic principle were arrived at throughout 03 1965. Initial licensing rounded ended up being declared with 13 04 1965. 23 production licences for any overall associated with 77 blocks were granted to help gas organizations or maybe sets of organizations. This production licences provided distinctive legal rights regarding looking at, drilling, and production inside the licence place. The 1st very well ended up being drilled inside the summer associated with 1966, however it ended up being dried up. Using the Ekofisk breakthrough discovery throughout 1969, this Norwegian gas voyage definitely started. Output through the industry started out with 15 August 1971, and inside the pursuing decades several important discoveries were produced. Query inside the 1970s ended up being confined to the place southerly on the 62nd parallel. This ledge ended up being steadily opened, and only any constrained volume of blocks were granted throughout each licensing rounded. Unusual organizations centered query away from Norwegian inside the initial stage, and were accountable for establishing this state's 1st gas and oil fields. Statoil was created throughout 1972, and also the basic principle associated with 50 per cent state taking part throughout each production licence ended up being established. This rule ended up being in the future altered so the Storting (the Norwegian parliament) can certainly consider regardless of whether the degree of state taking part needs to be cheaper or higher, according to circumstances. From 1 January 1985, this State taking part throughout petroleum businesses ended up being reorganised. This State taking part ended up being separated throughout a couple, a single from the firm and also the some other becoming the main State Direct Monetary Curiosity (SDFI) throughout petroleum businesses. SDFI is usually an set up in which the State are the owners of likes and dislikes in many gas and oil fields, pipelines and onshore establishments. Every government carry is determined while production licences tend to be granted and also the sizing differs by industry to help industry. Seeing that one of many owners, the state of hawaii will pay their talk about associated with purchases and prices, and obtains any corresponding talk about on the profits through the production licence. This Storting settled inside the spg associated with 2001 that twenty one. 5 per cent on the SDFI's assets may be available. 15 per cent ended up being available to help Statoil and 6. 5 per cent ended up being available to help some other licensees. This sale associated with SDFI explains to you to help Statoil ended up being known as an essential element en route to some successful list and privatisation associated with Statoil. Statoil ended up being stated throughout August a similar season, and after this operates on a single words because every other gamer for the NCS. Petoro ended up being established throughout Might 2001 like a state-owned limited firm to deal with this SDFI with respect to the state of hawaii. Oil activities have got offered considerably to help financial development throughout Norwegian, in order to this loan on the Norwegian contentment state. Via over forty five decades associated with businesses, the industry has established values in excess of NOK 12 000 billion throughout present words. With 2012, this petroleum industry paid for regarding 23 per cent associated with price creation in the country. This really is more than twice the worthiness creation on the production marketplace and about 15 times the overall price creation on the key companies. Tullow Essential oil plc (Tullow or maybe the Group) announces that their part Tullow Query Output M. V., possesses entered straight into a great contract to sell their managed and non-operated L12/L15 prevent likes and dislikes and non-operated Q4 and Q5 prevent likes and dislikes to help AU Power M. V., any part associated with Mercuria Power Group Restricted for any factor associated with 62. 7 mil (US$81. 1 million). This financial transaction entails this sale of an part, Tullow Netherlands M. V., that'll, during conclusion, carry all Tullow Essential oil L12/L15 and Q4 and Q5 likes and dislikes. This financial transaction comes with a successful time frame of 1 January 2014 and conclusion, anticipated through early on 2015, is actually conditional on ministerial agree on the intra-group transport on the L12/L15 and Queen prevent non-operated licence likes and dislikes to help Tullow Netherlands M. V. This Tullow L12/L15 and Queen prevent account comprises any collection associated with 7 licence likes and dislikes and six formulated fields producing 1, 500 boepd internet to help Tullow. Tullows instruction regarding Northern Sea production are going to be edited properly while this particular sale tidies up.Movements in oil and natural gas prices relative to production volumes play key roles in determining the industry's performance. Key markets include the developing nations of Brazil, Russia, India and China, also known as the BRIC nations. The emerging industrial capacities of the BRIC nations have driven up the cost for raw energy commodities, as a wide range of manufacturing pursuits require oil and natural gas as key inputs or energy sources for factory equipment. Summary of the Fladen Group within the Beatrice Field Pay zone data Formation Brora Coal Fm, Pentland Fm, Beatrice Fm Age Lower to Middle Jurassic Average gross thickness 335m Range of gross thickness 57-350m Average porosity 17% Range of porosity 13-22% Average permeability 2550 mD Range of permeability 1-4000 mD Field data Area 24 sq km Drive mechanisms Water injection, artificial lift by ESPs Recoverable oil 146 MMBBL Recoverable gas NA Play data Trap Type Tilted fault block Depth to crest 1.8km TVSS Gas/ oil contact NA Oil/ water contact 2.1km TVSS Gas column NA Oil column - Reservoir conditions Temperature 80oC Pressure 2897 psig Hydrocarbons Oil type Waxy, high paraffin Production data Scheme 4 platforms,3 sites Production rate (1992) 30000 BOPD Cumulative production (1990) 109 MMBBL BLOCK LICENCE FIELD LICENCE INTEREST (%) Tullow Netherlands B.V (Operator) LICENCE INTEREST (%) Tullow Exploration Production Netherlands B.V UNITISED INTEREST (%) L Blocks L12c 30 15 L12d 30 22.5 L15d 30 15 L12a L12B 22.5 16.13807 L12b L15b L12-C, L15-A 15 16.13807 Q Blocks Q4 Q4-A 19.8 Q1-B 19.8 4.95 Q4-B 17.105 Q5d 10 Europe Russia is the major oil and gas producer in Europe, accounting for nearly 68.0% of the region's output. Other major European producers include Norway (about 13.0% of output) and the Dutch North Sea (about 7.5%). Russia's production is fairly evenly divided between oil (48.0% of its output) and gas (the remaining 52.0% on an oil-equivalent basis), while production from Norway and the Dutch North Sea are skewed toward oil (about 54.0% and 58.0%, respectively). Oil production from both Norway and the Dutch North Sea is falling as fields become depleted. References: Andrews-Speed, C. P., E. Ron Oxburgh, and B. A. Cooper. "Temperatures and depth-dependent heat flow in western North Sea."AAPG Bulletin11 (1984): 1764-1781. Baum, Martin G., et al. "Application of surface prospecting methods in the Dutch North Sea."Petroleum Geoscience2 (1997): 171-181. De Lugt, I. R., J. D. Van Wees, and Th E. Wong. "The tectonic evolution of the southern Dutch North Sea during the Palaeogene: basin inversion in distinct pulses."Tectonophysics1 (2003): 141-159. Gibbs, A. D. "Balanced cross-section construction from seismic sections in areas of extensional tectonics."Journal of Structural Geology2 (1983): 153-160. Glennie, K. W.Petroleum geology of the North Sea: basic concepts and recent advances. John Wiley Sons, 2009. Heybroek, P. "On the structure of the Dutch part of the Central North Sea Graben."Petroleum and the continental shelf of north-west Europe. Vol. 1. Institute of Petroleum London, 1975. 339-349. Heybroek, P., U. Haanstra, and D. A. Erdman. "Observations on the geology of the North Sea area."7th World Petroleum Congress. World Petroleum Congress, 1967. Huuse, Mads, and Holger Lykke-Andersen. "Overdeepened Quaternary valleys in the eastern Danish North Sea: morphology and origin."Quaternary Science Reviews12 (2000): 1233-1253. Japsen, Peter. "Regional velocity-depth anomalies, North Sea Chalk: a record of overpressure and Neogene uplift and erosion."AAPG bulletin11 (1998): 2031-2074. Johnson, H. D., and D. J. Stewart. "Role of clastic sedimentology in the exploration and production of oil and gas in the North Sea."Geological Society, London, Special Publications1 (1985): 249-310. Jonkers, Niels, Remi WPM Laane, and Pim de Voogt. "Sources and fate of nonylphenol ethoxylates and their metabolites in the Dutch coastal zone of the North Sea."Marine chemistry1 (2005): 115-135. Kuhlmann, Gesa, and Theo E. Wong. "Pliocene paleoenvironment evolution as interpreted from 3D-seismic data in the southern North Sea, Dutch offshore sector."Marine and Petroleum Geology2 (2008): 173-189. Praeg, Daniel. "Seismic imaging of mid-Pleistocene tunnel-valleys in the North Sea Basinhigh resolution from low frequencies."Journal of Applied Geophysics4 (2003): 273-298. Schroot, Barthold M., Gerard T. Klaver, and Ruud TE Schttenhelm. "Surface and subsurface expressions of gas seepage to the seabedexamples from the Southern North Sea."Marine and Petroleum Geology4 (2005): 499-515. Van Hoorn, B. (1987). Structural evolution, timing and tectonic style of the Sole Pit inversion.Tectonophysics,137(1), 239-284. Van Wijhe, D. V. (1987). Structural evolution of inverted basins in the Dutch offshore.Tectonophysics,137(1), 171-219. BUDDING, M.C. INGLIN, H.F. (1981). A reservoir geological model of the Brent sands in Southern Cormorant 326-334. In C.V. Illing, G.D. Hobron A.W. Woodland (Eds.). Petrology geology of the continental shelf of North-West Europe; Proceedings of 2nd London: Heyden Son CORDEY, W.G. (1993). Jurassic exploration history: a look at the past and the future. Petroleum Geology Conference Series, 4, 195-198 COWARD, M.P., DEWWEY, J.R., HEMPTON, M., HOLROYD, J. MANGE, M.A. (2003). Chapter 2: Tectonic Evolution. In D. Evans, C. Graham, A. Armour, P. Bathurst (Eds.) The Millennium Atlas: petroleum geology of the central and northern North Sea (pp. 17-33). London: The Geological Society of London DAVIES, R.J., TURNER, J.D. UNDERHILL, J.R. (2001). Sequential dip-slip movement during rifting: A new model for the evolution of the Jurassic trilete North Sea Rift System. Petroleum Geoscience, 7, 371-388 DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY AND CLIMATE CHANGE. Oil and Gas. https://www.og.decc.gov.uk (retrieved 2012) GILES, M.R., STEVENSON, S., MARTIN, S.V., CANNON, S.J.C., HAMILTON, P.J. MARSHAK, J.D. (1992). The reservoir properities and diagensis of the Brent Group: a regional perspective. In C. Morton, R.S. Haszeldine, M.R. Giles S. Brown (Eds). Geology of the Brent Group. Geological Society of London, Special Publications, 61, 289-327 GLENNIE, K.W. (2009). Petroleum Geology of the North Sea: Basic Concepts and Recent Advances. Oxford: Blackwell Science Ltd J. (1993). Geology of the Brent Group. In A.C. Morton, R.S. Haszeldine, M.R. Giles S. Brown (Eds). Marine and Petroleum Geology, 10, (4), 403- GOFF, J.C. (1983) Hydrocarbon generation and migration from Jurassic source rocks in the E Shetland Basin and Viking Graben of the northern North Sea. Journal of the Geological Society, 140, 445-474 HUSMO, T., HAMAR, G.P., HILAND, O., JOHANNESSEN, E.P., RMULD, A., SPENSER, A. TITTERTON, R. (2003). Chapter 10: Lower and Middle Jurassic. In D. Evans, C. Graham, A. Armour, P. Bathurst (Eds.) The Millennium Atlas: petroleum geology of the central and northern North Sea (pp. 315-371). London: The Geological Society of London LINSLEY, P.N. POTTER, H.C. (1979). Beatrice Field, Moray Firth, North Sea. American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin, 63, 487-513 MITCHENER, B.C., LAWERENCE, D.A., PARTLINGTON, M.A., BOWMAN, M.B.J. GLUYAS, J. (1992). Brent Group: Sequence stratigraphy and regional implications. Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 61, 45-80 MILTON, N.J. BERTRAM, G.T. (1992). Trap Styles: A New Classification Based on Sealing Surfaces. American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin, 76, 983-999 NAGY, J., DYPVIK, H. BJAERKE (1984). Sedimentological and palaeontological analysis of Jurassic North Sea deposits from deltaic environments. Journal of Petroleum Geology, 7, 169187 PEGRUM, R.M. SPENCER, A. M. (1990). Hydrocarbon plays in the northern North Sea. Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 50, 441-470 PETERS, K.E., MOLDOWAN, J.M., DRISCOLE, A.R. DEMAISON, G.J. (1989). Origin of Beatrice oil by co-sourcing from Devonian and Middle Jurassic source rocks, Inner Moray Firth, United Kingdom. American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin, 73, 454-47 PETERSEN, H.I., BOJESEN-KOEFOED, J.A. NYTOFT, H.P. (2002). Source Rock Evaluation of Middle Jurassic Coals, Northeast Greenland, by Artificial Maturation: Aspects of Petroleum Generation from Coal. American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin, 86, 233-256 RICHARDS, R.P., LOTT, G.K., JONHSON, H., KNOX, R.W.OB. RIDING, J.B. (1993). Jurassic of the Central and Northern North Sea. In R.W.OB Knox W.G. Codey (Eds.). Lithostratigraphic nomenclature of the UK North Sea. Nottingham: British Geological Survey RICHARDS, P.C. (1992). An introduction to the Brent Group: A literature review. Geological Society, London, Special Publications 61, 15-26 RICHARDS, P.C., BROWN, S., DEAN, J.M. ANDERTON, R. (1988). Short Paper: A new palaeogeographic reconstruction for the Middle Jurassic of the northern North Sea. Journal of the Geological Society, 145, 883-886 SMITH, K. RITCHIE, J.D. (1993). Volcanic Centres of the Central North Sea. Petroleum Geology Conference series, 4, 519-531 TAYLOR, S.R., ALMOND, J., ARNOTT, S., KEMSHELL, D. TAYLOR, D. (2003). The Brent Field, Block 211/29, UK North Sea. In D. Evans, C. Graham, A. Armour, P. Bathurst (Eds.). United Kingdom Oil and Gas Fields, Commemorative Millennium Volume. Geological Society, London, Memoir, 20, 233-250 Underhill, J. R. (2003). Tectonic and stratigraphic framework of the United Kingdom's Oil and gas fields. In D. Evans, C. Graham, A. Armour, P. Bathurst (Eds.) United Kingdom oil and Gas Fields, Commemorative Millennium Volume. Geological Society, London, Memoirs 20, 17-59 UNDERHILL, J.R. PARTLINGTON, M.A. (1994). Use of maximum flooding surfaces in determining a regional tectonic control on the Intra-Aalenian ("Mid Cimmerian") Sequence Boundary: Implications for North Sea basin development and Exxon's Sea-Level Chart. In Posamentier, H.W. Wiemer, P. (Eds.). Siliciclastic Sequence Stratigraphy. American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin, Memoir, 58, 449-484 WOODCOSK, N. STRACHAN, R. (2000). Geological History of Britain and Ireland. Oxford: Blackwell ZIEGLER, P. A. (1975). Geologic Evolution of North Sea and Its Tectonic Framework. American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin, 59, 1048-1071

Sappho Essay Example

Sappho Essay Island of Losses Summary of Introduction (Peg. 1 1) World Literature; An Anthology of Great Short Stories, Poetry, and Drama The introduction introduces a life of a young poet named Shop. Shop was known as being, Among the earliest known female lyric poets. Sapped poems were composed of detailed material which was recognized by the Greek Philosopher Plato. On the island of Losses, in the town of Eros, Shop was born to an aristocratic family. Following the death of her father, Shop continued to live her life with the aristocratic in her mothers inborn town, Imminent. Later in life, Shop had a daughter and they set their home in Syracuse, Sicily during, a period of political turbulence. The lyric poetry used by Shop was not something that was originally written in her time era. Most poetry was, passed from poet to poet with the goal of keeping the work intact and distinct from the poet who was reciting it. Because of the time era Shop was living in, she was able to keep her poetry distinct and made in her own identity. In most of her poetry Shop was freely influenced by the native folk songs, giving it a personal feel. We will write a custom essay sample on Sappho specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Sappho specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Sappho specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Shop was the leader and teacher of a group of women and girls from aristocratic families. Because of this, she wrote most of her poetry for them and read it to them during their privileged meetings. Along with the native folk songs contributing to her poetry, her, Family, friends, and feelings, added to the sincerity of her poems. Most of Sapped poems did not survive. Most of the ones that survived are parts of poems found in Egypt. This poem, To an Army Wife, in Saris, is only one of two full poems found to this day. To an Army Wife, in Saris By: Shop Some say cavalry corps, mom infantry, some, again, will maintain that swift oars of our fleet are the finest that whatever one loves, is. This is easily proved: did not Helen she who had scanned the flower of the worlds manhood choose as first among men one who laid Troys honor in ruin? Warped to his will, forgetting love due her own blood, her own child, she wandered far with him. So Inactions, although you being far away forget u s, the dear sound of your footstep and light glancing in your eyes would move me more than glitter of Lydia horse or armored tread of mainland infantry. Understanding the Poem: . Reread the introductory material and then consider the following possibilities: (a) Shop is writing to a friend who is off with her husband in Saris (a city in the ancient kingdom of Lydia, in what is now Turkey); (b) a soldier, away on a tour of duty is writing to his wife back home. Who do you think is the speaker of this poem? Is it important to know who the speaker is? The speaker is a soldier away on a tour of duty, writing to his wife back home. It is very important to know who the speaker of their point of view. It helps give them a voice. 2. Why does the speaker mention the pinions of others (Some say) as well as his or her own opinions? Because this person sees their opinions as important as their own opinions and that it is important to see their point of view on things, Just like their own point of view on things is important to themselves. 3. To what extent, if any, do you think that Inactions has forgotten the speaker? To a small extent has Inactions forgotten the speaker. He is her husband whom went against the will of their parents with her. Forgetting who he is, is merely impossible. Analyzing Literary Technique: 1 . How does Shop appeal to the senses in this poem? What advantage do you find in her approach? Most of the word choices in Sapped poem Whelp the reader understand what they are reading with their senses. For example in line 14 it says she wandered far with him. It gets you to use your sense of sight. Because it gives you an image of what you are reading. By using senses in the poem it gives the reader a help in understanding in what she is trying to explain. 2. What is the function of contrast in this poem? Contrast is used not in exactly in the words she has written. For example dog is to car. The contrast that is in this poem is in the thoughts f the family members of this husband and wife. The parents are not in favor of them getting married, so their thoughts contrast with the thoughts of their children. 3. What does Sapped use of apostrophe contribute to the poem? By using apostrophe, it gives the reader the feeling of missing someone who is not there. In this case the man who is at war is missing his wife back home who, in his life at the moment, is missing. 4. Why does the narrator make an allusion to Helen of Troy? That way the reader can understand where this may be taking place and the time setting. Writing About Literature: 1 . Sapped attitude towards Helen of Troy is despite. She writes as if she despises what she has done and what could happen in the future. In a sense, Shop does treat her analysis of Helen of Troy fairly. What Helen of Troy did was not something that most approved of. So I think in Sapped defense, what she is saying about her is truly fair. The feelings that Shop is suggesting between Helen and Inactions is, Shop is giving the voice of the poem the feelings about Inactions, that Shop has about Helen of Troy. 2. Dear Friend, Im sorry I had to leave you. There are so many more things in this world, and with oh being gone, I had the feeling that I needed to explore it. The war that has possessed you, has possessed you completely. You were never my own, once you left. I have great memories of you. Going against everything my parents had said and marrying me anyway. How unbelievable. But this world is much fuller of experiences than I could have ever imagined, hence the reason I left. I have been searching for the things of this new world I am discovering and I hope you will understand. Yours Truly, Inactions Connotation: The attitudes and feelings associated with a word. These associations an be negative or positive, and have an important influence on style and meaning. The word love has a difference of feelings in the poem. It is happy and Joyful and then turns to sadness and sorrow. Figurative Language: Language that communicates ideas beyond the ordinary or literal meaning of the words. The word fleet in the poem is not known as a ship, it is known as the strong army. Onomatopoeia: The use of a word whose sound suggests its meaning. The word swift in the poem sounds like something that moves quickly. Swift does mean quickly or fast moving. But when re-reading the top of the poem its gives you clues in being bled to come to the conclusion that fleet meaner Army or Military. 12. R. 2. 1 (Evaluation) Students can evaluate how style affects the meaning of text. Most of what is used in the poem is imagery. It helps give you the image off man at War, writing to his lover back home. Other parts of the poem give you the image of someone returning home, a friend missing another, and the light glancing in someones eyes. 12. R. 3. 1 (Analysis) Students can analyze text for the authors style. The author uses a melancholy style of writing, by showing one lover leaving another. As written in the mom, She wandered far with him And the line, Being far away Gives you the sad feeling that is portrayed. 12. R. 4. 1. (Evaluation) Students can evaluate the depiction of human experience in literary works from diverse cultures, locations, and time periods. The time period is in Ancient Greek times. It shows this by having a lovers vendetta with the parents. This poem is kind of similar to the story line of Romeo and Juliet. By knowing that this was similar to Romeo and Juliet, it did help with knowing the time line and what could be happening at that moment.